This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Institutional Review Board of the Chungnam National University (No. For example, disgust related to contamination and pollution is accompanied by sympathetic-parasympathetic co-activation, whereas disgust related to mutilation, injury, and blood is accompanied by sympathetic deactivation and unchanged vagal activation [4]. Instead, ANS variation within a category is a meaningful part of the nature of emotion. Do You Know the Difference Between Stress and an Anxiety Disorder? Psychophysiology. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Fredrikson M, Danielssons T, Engel BT, Frisk-Holmberg M, Strom G, Sundin O. Autonomic nervous system function and essential hypertension: individual response specificity with and without beta-adrenergic blockade. Each clip was 24-min long. For example, the temporal stability of physiological responses [8,9,10,11,12,13] and the reliability of event-related desynchronization in EEGs [14, 15] have been studied. 1996;23:1639. In a future study, we may need to include neutral film clips to evaluate the reliability of physiological responses to the neutral condition. Neuroscience can involve research from many branches of science including those involving neurology, brain science, neurobiology, psychology, computer science, artificial intelligence, statistics, prosthetics, neuroimaging, engineering, medicine, physics, mathematics, pharmacology, electrophysiology, biology, robotics and technology. For this statistical test, we used all data (10 trials 12 subjects), except for data from participants who failed to elicit the targeted emotion, which were excluded in the calculation. Our results were also consistent with previous studies on physiological responses to emotional stimuli; for example, all emotions, except for contentment, non-crying sadness, and acute sadness, induced an increase in SCL; facial expressions of anger induced decreases in HR and SCL; HR decreased during contentment, non-crying and acute sadness, imminent-threat fear, and mutilation-related disgust conditions [4]. We hate spam and only use your email to contact you about newsletters. In order for a phobia to be diagnosed, it must cause significant distress or interfere with your daily life. In conclusion, we evaluated the inter- and intraindividual reliability of physiological responses induced by emotional stimuli during 10 weekly sessions, using non-identical film clips as stimuli. 4th ed. 1979;86:4208. In: Hane AA, Fox NA, editors. Welfare & Medical ICT Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea, Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea, Department of Rehabilitation Counselling, Seoul Hanyoung University, 290-42 Kyoungin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08274, Republic of Korea, Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in The new findings, Barrett explained, are relevant to companies focused on developing artificial intelligence platforms to read human emotion. The mean appropriateness was higher in happiness, sadness, and disgust, compared with anger, fear, and surprise. J Cogn Eng Decis Making. // -->