research paper on biopesticides pdf

The early 2000's also marked the beginning of icipe's research on insect endosymbionts, which is increasingly becoming relevant for deeper insights into insect ecology, behavior and management. We demonstrated the effectiveness of H. lixii strain F3ST1, T. harzianum strain ICIPE 709, C. rosea strain ICIPE 707 and T. atroviride strain ICIPE 710 against T. tabaci through systemic induced resistance after they were inoculated as endophytes in onion (Muvea et al., 2014, 2015). Afr. Development of novel biopesticides against animal pests and disease vectors focuses on G. fuscipes fuscipes (Maniania, 1998, 2002; Maniania et al., 2006). Metarhizium anisopliae strain ICIPE 69 is effective against thrips, fruit flies and mealybugs; M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 78 is effective against T. urticae; M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 62 is effective against aphids. homepages gac Most of these deaths occur in Africa and are exacerbated due to lack of capacity to effectively manage the vectors and the diseases they carry. Available online at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases (accessed July 27, 2020). Research on biopesticides for mosquito (Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti) management prior to the 2000's largely focused on bioprospecting for Bt, Coelomomyces sp. Through public-private partnerships, icipe has developed and commercialized some biopesticides to tackle pests and vectors on crop and livestock systems that contributes to reduction in synthetic pesticides use and positively impact on animal, human and environmental health. biopesticide physiology r4d icipe The use of plant attractants equally constitutes a novel application strategy of entomopathogens for animal pests and disease vectors. 96, 3442. (1990). (2020). Rep. 9:18355. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54989-z, Khamis, F. M., Ombura, F. L. O., Akutse, K. S., Subramanian, S., Mohamed, S. A., Fiaboe, K. K. M., et al. Saini, R. K., Orindi, B. O., Mbahin, N., Andoke, J. Mohamed, S., Akutse, K. S., Khamis, F., Jehle, J., Tiba, S. B., Kroschel, J., et al. Microbiol. Health and environmental effects of adopting an integrated fruit fly management strategy among mango farmers in Kenya. 15, 1426. We found that the chitinase genes chi2 and chi4 of eight M. anisopliae strains (ICIPE 7, 20, 30, 41, 62, 63, 69 and 78) did not reveal major divergences as the predicted protein structure of chi2 was identical for all the selected strains. Microbial characterisation of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia differens in raw condition after wild-harvesting in Uganda. 4:563016. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.563016. Trop. Acarol. viscosum efficacy aqueous clerodendron mite ananda mukhopadhyay coffeae oligonychus Globally, >2,000 insect species form part of the traditional diets of at least 2 billion people. Afr. Transfer of inoculum of Metarhizium anisopliae between adult Glossina morsitans morsitans and effects of fungal infection on blood feeding and mating behaviors. 77, 106117. evidence from Kenya. Received: 17 May 2020; Accepted: 17 August 2020; Published: 30 September 2020. R4D against animal pests and disease vectors will soon yield registration of a first product based on M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 7. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Further biological and molecular characterization of these strains are currently ongoing. Behavioral responses of Thrips tabaci Lindeman to endophyte-inoculated onion plants. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.004, Herren, J. K., Mbaisi, L. M., Mararo, E., Makhulu, E. E., Mobegi, V. A., Butungi, H., et al. 115, 266272. 80, 265176. Since M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 78 is already commercialized, it is currently being fast-tracked through label extension for use against S. frugiperda, while M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 7 is being registered as a new formulation. During the 2010's, some of most effective M. anisopliae strains have been successfully commercialized with the private sector partner Real IPM. Ovicidal effects of entomopathogenic fungal isolates on the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Entomol. Metarhizium anisopliae strain ICIPE 30 is currently being registered against the tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina pallidipes. 16, 129139. Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline. (2017). Insects 10:155. doi: 10.3390/insects10060155. doi: 10.1007/s10493-009-9330-7, Nchu, F., Maniania, N. K., Toure, A., Hassanali, A., and Eloff, J. N. (2009). The choice of rearing substrate is crucial, coupled with pre-treatment or sterilization of organic waste substrates before usage as well as postharvest treatments of H. illucens larvae (Khamis et al., 2019). Figure 1. Front. Khamis, F. M., Mireji, P. O., Ombura, F. L., Malacrida, A. R., Awuoche, E. O., Rono, M., et al. in the pastoral zone of Samorogouan, Burkina-Faso. Metarhizium anisopliae infection reduces Trypanosoma congolense reproduction in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and its ability to acquire or transmit the parasite. Metarhizium anisopliae strain ICIPE 30, a strain from icipe's bioprospecting efforts, has been extensively researched for mosquito control by Ifakara Health Institute (Ifakara, Tanzania), Wageningen University (Wageningen, Netherlands) and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine of the University of Liverpool (Liverpool, UK). Several factors beyond the efficacy of entomopathogens determine success toward their development into biopesticide products, including environmental suitability, and amenability for mass production and horizontal transmission, among others. 142, 617626. doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-2064-y, Mnyone, L. L., Koenraadt, C. J., Lyimo, I. N., Mpingwa, M. W., Takken, W., and Russell, T. L. (2010). Vet. Only anecdotal evidence exists of entomopathogens infecting H. illucens or other insects during rearing. Biopesticides are effective and environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. External Evaluation of the Biovision ICIPE Malaria IVM Projects in Kenya and Ethiopia (Nairobi: icipe). The research program Lutte biologique contre les locustes et sauteriaux (LUBILOSA) was carried out in the late 1980's and early 1990's by CABI, IITA and the Department for Crop Protection Training of Niger, in partnership with icipe. (2019) found high counts of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, making R. differens a potential source of food borne diseases. Figure 2. Endophytic colonization of Vicia faba and Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) by fungal pathogens and their effects on the life-history parameters of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Management of ticks is largely undertaken with acaricides, which is increasingly becoming ineffective due to high levels of acaricide resistance. Front. doi: 10.1007/s10340-011-0399-5, Nchu, F., Maniania, N. K., Hassanali, A., and Eloff, J. N. (2010a). doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2469.0006, Niassy, S., Subramanian, S., Ekesi, S., Bargul, J. L., Villinger, J., and Maniania, N. K. (2013). Current research at icipe on avocado focuses on selection of M. anisopliae strains against tephritid fruit flies and T. leucotreca that are not pathogenic to the Western honey bee Apis mellifera and the stingless bee Meliponula ferruginea. The majority of arthropod pathogenic strains belong to M. anisopliae, and include M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 18 (against T. absoluta, Maruca vitrata, C. partellus and B. fusca) (Maniania, 1993), M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 20 (against T. absoluta and S. frugiperda and the pea leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis) (Migiro et al., 2010; Mohamed et al., 2017; Akutse et al., 2019a), M. anisopliae strains ICIPE 40, ICIPE 41, ICIPE 315 and ICIPE 655 (against S. frugiperda) (Akutse et al., 2019a), M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 30 (against the amaranth leaf webber Spoladea recurvalis (Opisa et al., 2018, 2019); the stemborers C. partellus and B. fusca (Maniania, 1993); the mosquitoes A. gambiae and A. aegypti; the tsetse flies G. morsitans morsitans, G. fuscipes fuscipes and G. pallidipes; and the sand flies Phlebotomus martini and P. duboscqi) (Ngumbi et al., 2011; Ngure et al., 2015); and M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 51 (against the termite Macrotermes michaelseni) (Mburu et al., 2009, 2013). doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803527-6.00023-8. Another immediate research thrust is expansion of the biopesticide portfolio toward animal and human diseases and vectors. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2007.02.004, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Akutse, K. S., Fiaboe, K. K., Van den Berg, J., Ekesi, S., and Maniania, N. K. (2014). J. Pest Sci. Olson, S. (2015). Res. Diverse Wolbachia sp. Human pests and disease vectors such as sand flies, biting flies, bed bugs and mosquitoes are a next frontier for biopesticide development. R4D into insects for food and feed is of growing interest and a new foray in which icipe has taken a lead for sub-Saharan Africa. Biomed Res. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.09.005, Takken, W., Oladunmade, M. A., Dengwat, L., Feldmann, H. U., Onah, J., Tenabe, S. O., et al. Ecol. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.01.020, Nchu, F., Maniania, N. K., Hassanali, A., and Eloff, J. N. (2010b). J. Pest Sci. Microbiol. APU also has a strong postdoctoral program on basic and applied insect pathology research. silvam mjc Systemic induced resistance provides a new avenue of pest control, especially for cryptic pests such as nematodes and plant diseases (Bamisope et al., 2018a,b). Systematic bioprospecting for arthropod pathogens began in the 1980's leading to the establishment of an arthropod pathogen germplasm repository in 1992. Sustain. Endophytes such as Hypocrea lixii strain F3ST1, Trichoderma harzianum strain ICIPE 709, Clonostachys rosea strain ICIPE 707 and Trichoderma atroviride strain ICIPE 710 were found to be effective against Liriomyza sp., T. absoluta, the onion thrips Thrips tabaci and O. phaseoli, as well as the plant viruses iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) (Akutse et al., 2013, 2014; Muvea et al., 2014, 2015, 2018; Mutune et al., 2016). doi: 10.1093/jee/toz342, Mnyone, L. L., Kirby, M. J., Mpingwa, M. W., Lwetoijera, D. W., Knols, B. G., Takken, W., et al. Current R4D efforts are already aimed at using genotyping to improve biopesticide development, such as studies toward M. anisopliae chitinase genes and virulence factors (Niassy et al., 2013). Copyright 2020 Akutse, Subramanian, Maniania, Dubois and Ekesi. AAIS 23rd Biannual Meeting and Scientific Conference, Abidjan, Ivory Coast, 1823 November 2019 (Nairobi, Kenya: AAIS). Virus infection and transmission was blocked in onion (Muvea et al., 2018) and secondary metabolites in such endophyte-thrips-virus mediated interactions are being elucidated. (2006). Recently, icipe is expanding R4D toward plant endophytes and rhizosphere inhabitants. 2:90. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12468.1. Trop. J. Real IPM was founded in 2003 and since 2019 is a member of the Biobest Group (Westerlo, Belgium). (2020). Parasitol. Using the integrated pest and pollinator management (IPPM) paradigm, research is aimed at ensuring biopesticides are compatible with pollination services. Focus has equally shifted toward fungi other than M. anisopliae. Entomol. An effective IPPM strategy relies on a deep understand of biopesticide-pollinator interactions. Food Microbiol. Technol. doi: 10.1007/s10340-012-0473-7. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Relative influence of host, Wolbachia, geography and climate on the genetic structure of the Sub-Saharan parasitic wasp Cotesia sesamiae. Diversity of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and their gut bacterial community in Kenya. Compatibility between Calpurnia aurea leaf extract, attraction aggregation, and attachment pheromone and entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae on viability, growth, and virulence of the pathogen. Interestingly, we found that H. lixii strain F3ST1 is effective against insect-vectored viral diseases (IYSV and SCMV) through systemic induced resistance, which may offer a new avenue of research. Wellcome Open Res. (2013). Outlook. Cruz, I., Bruce, A., Subramanian, S., Akutse, K. S., Mohamed, F. S., Niassy, N., et al. Angew. The adult pheromone is a blend of four commercially available compounds, including phenylacetonitrile (PAN) (80%), benzaldehyde, guaiacol and phenol, and has been extensively tested and registered in Sudan. Unexpected diversity of Wolbachia associated with Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa. and Duboscqia sp.). doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1993.tb00389.x, Maniania, N. K. (1998). Entomol. J. Chem. An immediate focus for icipe and partners will be development of biopesticides targeting Africa's invasive and migrant pest, particularly S. frugiperda and the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Int. transmission. icipe's public-private partnerships are expanding to include other commercial companies. Colonization of onions by endophytic fungi and their impacts on the biology of Thrips tabaci. doi: 10.1002/9781119171539.ch8, Gallai, N., Salles, J. M., Settele, J., and Vaissire, B. E. (2009). Beauveria bassiana strain ICIPE 279, especially, is highly pathogenic to T. leucotreta (Mkiga et al., 2020), and we are confident that, in combination with M. anisopliae strain ICIPE 69, a biopesticide will soon be available against this devastating pest. Commun. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.014, Gathage, J. W., Lagat, Z. O., Fiaboe, K. K. M., Akutse, K. S., Ekesi, S., and Maniania, N. K. (2016). 39, 101108. KA, SS, TD, and SE designed the review outline. Effects of endophyte colonization of Vicia faba (Fabaceae) plants on the life-history of leafminer parasitoids Phaedrotoma scabriventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109965, Akutse, K. S., Kimemia, J. W., Ekesi, S., Khamis, F. M., Ombura, O. L., and Subramanian, S. (2019a).

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