salinity meter using arduino

Plan and conduct an investigation individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, and in the design: decide on types, how much, and accuracy of data needed to produce reliable measurements and consider limitations on the precision of the data (e.g., number of trials, cost, risk, time), and refine the design accordingly. Is there a sensor that can do this? See the schematic for the wiring. Students are introduced to the technology of flexible circuits, some applications and the photolithography fabrication process. Another common application involves the use of conductivity probes to monitor the ionic content of water used within cooling towers since too highly concentrated ionic solutions can prematurely corrode components and cause safety hazards. 3 months ago, Arduino Robotic Arm Controlled by Touch Interface. Concluding Class Discussion: At activity end, lead a class discussion to share, compare and distill experiences, results and conclusions. a) Calibrate the sensors. With the StudentsIntroduction/Team Formation, With the StudentsPart 1: Constructing the Probe, With the StudentsPart 2: Testing the Probe, With the StudentsPart 3: Connecting the Probe to the Arduino, With the StudentsPart 4: Critical Thinking and Analysis. Proofread (and modify as necessary) all proposed procedures before permitting groups to proceed to conduct their designed lab experiments. Let's start with the resistivity sensor. That's because the circuit is a actually voltage divider right? Refer to Figures 2 and 3. Present the Introduction/Motivation content to the class. The steps below include the process of making this addition to the IDE. It also includes a simple embedded model of a conductivity sensor setup and five questions for students on the topic of electrolyte solutions and conductivity. on Step 6. Operation is via I2C protocol and readings are displayed on the Arduino serial monitor. Look for common circuitry mistakes related to the LED. Custom NanoLeaf Lights! Once students have finished testing the solutions, direct them to dispose of all solutions in a sink drain and clean up their lab work spaces. 3 - The conductivity probe uses simple electrical circuits to communicate the measurement to the user. Calibrate the sensors. or not. Alignment agreement: Construct a functional conductivity probe. Can be expanded to include more types of Atlas's sensors. (Grades In this project, we will be making a pH and salinity/conductivity monitoring system with LED indicators. Make sure students will have easy computer Internet access to the online reading and digital experiment for the critical thinking and analyzing portion of the activity (see links on the handout and in the Additional Multimedia Support section), especially the CK-12 links that require (free) account access. Each sensor has a unique calibration process. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Alternatively, you may provide students with the. Minimum programming skills needed unless you plan on modifying the project. Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena. Measure the conductivity of a solution at various temperatures. Each sensor needs a unique I2C address. Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles. Measure the conductivity of various common household chemicals. I tried out with just using two nails and some resistors like here and tested it with a small tank as a trial. How to temperature compensate the Atlas conductivity sensor automatically. 1132482. - Breadboard, welding clamps or perfboard, - Three resistors (10k Ohm, 1k Ohm and 4.7k Ohm), - Temperature sensor (for example DS18B20 waterproof), - Two copper electrodes (like nails or pins), - LCD display for Arduino (for example I2C). Once students have successfully run the code, expect them to see the LCD power on and display the text: Rel Conductance. The pH and salinity sensors from Atlas Scientific are used. You will have to add them to your Arduino IDE in order to use the code. In this case, the limits are as follows: If the conductivity reading goes over 500 S/cm, the yellow LED will turn on; if the pH reading goes over 10, the red LED will turn on. The appropriate files are now included. If engineers are dealing with aqueous or liquid solutions, it is quite common to characterize a solution's conductivity to gain insight into the types of solutes dissolved within the solution (either ionic or covalent solutes). If yes then I just picked up on that :P, Press J to jump to the feed. Hence, if the solution has a high resistance, such as with a nonelectrolytic solute, the conductivity will be very low and if the solution has a low resistance, such as with an electrolytic solute like table salt, the conductivity will be very high. solution is added and the pH decreases. The appropriate files are now included. Then students follow the handout instructions to repeat the testing of the four solutions they created in Part 2, this time recording in Data Table 2 of the handout the numerical relative conductivity values displayed on the LCD screen. It is the reciprocal of the resistivity. HS-PS1-3. When the reading is less than 10, the red LED turns off. I found this which has some simpler designs that I'm gonna try out. If time permits, ask students to think of other ways that conductivity probes might be useful; for example, engineers often use conductivity probes for clean-in-place processes, detection of pipe leaks and chemical titrimetric analysis. I'm trying to make a sensor to measure the salinity in a water tank. Do you agree with this alignment? Do you agree with this alignment? Outside of the chemistry classroom, students may have heard of "electrolytes" and "nonelectrolytes," words that are synonyms for ionic compounds and covalent compounds, respectively. In accordance with the sample code for this project, the following addresses are used: pH sensor address is 99, and salinity sensor address is 100. Thanks!! Set-up student lab stations with the supplies necessary for each group. (Grades This was a project for the minor Delta Expert at the Delft University of Technology. Share it with us! Reply In the first experiment, students receive only qualitative feedback from the probe in the form of a LED lighting up (if the solution is conductive) or remaining unlit (if the solution is non-conductive). If you are not familiar with electrical engineering or embedded systems programming, these products may not be for you. P.S. With some hot glue everything was "neatly" put together and made into one sensor. (Grades A solution conducts electrical current when charged particles (ions) are in the aqueous solution. moisture soil sensor arduino dfrobot gravity analogue cpc compare analog 9 - This ensures that the text and numerical values are visible on the LCD display when the code runs for the first time after students upload it. Refer to the following: Ezo pH datasheet, Ezo EC datasheet. They are challenged to determine if the fabrication process results in a change in the circuit dimensions since, as circuits get smaller and smaller (nano-circuits), this c Students learn about nondestructive testing, the use of the finite element method (systems of equations) and real-world impacts, and then conduct mini-activities to apply Maxwells equations, generate currents, create magnetic fields and solve a system of equations. b) On your computer, open the Arduino IDE (You can download the IDE from HERE if you do not have it). However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the NSF, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government. Compile and upload the pH_EC_led_indicator code to your, on your keyboard. Have groups proceed to construct their conductivity probes. Review what is necessary in order to form a solution, that is, a solute dissolved into a solvent. Since the measured resistivity could not immediately give the salinity level of the water, it is required to calibrate the sensor. Set the baud rate to 9600 and select "Carriage return". Also, I'm not worried about rusting or long term effects from electrolysis because the water is not used for plants or drinking or anything like that. From this data a correction factor can be computed. The very first important step in this process is to have the electrodes at a fixed distance from eachother. Design a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations. Students should have the following skills before beginning this lab activity: *For students with no soldering experience, refer to the SparkFun "How to Solder" tutorial (written description with photographs and a three-minute video) at: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-solder---through-hole-soldering?_ga=1.165393596.20730219.1441226013. Determine the conductivity of an unknown solution. The process was fairly easy, but is necessary to have a working sensor which can also say something about the salinity. a) Download Ezo_I2c_lib, a zip folder from GitHub onto your computer. (Answer: In addition to identifying solutions as electrolytic or nonelectrolytic, the sensor could differentiate between solutions of differing concentrations.). We use a relatively simple code to measure the resistivity. The temperature might also need calibrating. The activity also uses non-expendable items such as Arduino UNO microcontrollers, breadboards, LCD displays and computers; see the Materials List for details. (optional/alternative approach: Have students share their responses prior to sorting into groups to start the experiment. repository dan pemantauan budidaya suhu pada berbasis arduino kadar sistem pengaturan garam udang ph air This device was developed and tested using a Windows computer. moisture soil sensor arduino dfrobot gravity analogue cpc compare analog Real time plant monitoring system to view temperature, light exposure and moisture. Following the handout instructions, groups each create a simple circuit using a breadboard, LED, 470 resistor, 9V battery with wires and some jumper wires. 8), Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost. The serial monitor will open. Calibrating the correction factor is a bit more work. Well you could go for any conductive material, but steel will start rusting of course. The 220 resistors limit the current to the LEDs, preventing them from blowing out. Then review and discuss students' responses to the questions to make sure they understand the role of the probe, its real-world applications and the types of substances that the probe helps to identify as being present or absent within solutions being analyzed. nonelectrolyte: A substance that does not readily ionize when dissolved or melted and is a poor conductor of electricity. Something that can be built easily? Each sensor needs a unique I2C address. Any other thermometer can be used, but in this guide only the wiring for the DS18B20 will be provided. Both are simple to make; students stir in a spoonful of either salt or sugar into a cup filled halfway with distilled water. Answer One of the most challenging components of this activity is the correct construction and wiring of the LCD screen to the Arduino. There are 4 seperate parts to the sensor; the resistivity sensor, the thermometer, the button and the display. It also measures temperature to compensate for temperature changed resistance. The first step in making the salinometer is the wiring. Once groups have completed recording their results in Data Table 1 of the handout for Part 2, make sure they save their solutions for use later in Part 3. conductivity: The degree to which a specified material conducts electricity, calculated as the ratio of the current density in the material to the electric field that causes the flow of current. Since the LED will not illuminate unless it is immersed in a solution that contains an electrolyte, have a cup of salt water handy to quickly test the circuits. When working on Part 2, remind students that the LED is a one-way device and will not work if they reverse the installation of the LED on the breadboard. Reply Pass out the handouts and direct students to individually answer the four "preparing" questions on page 2. We regret that this curriculum does not meet your expectations. Encourage students to make additions/modifications to their handout answers as a result of the discussion. The measured resistance will change when the distance between the electrodes changes. You can use either an Arduino UNO or a STEMTera board. Our sensor was already calibrated, so will not discuss calibrating the thermometer in this guide. Advise students to take their time building the breadboard circuitry and frequently reference. Using wire strippers, remove about 1 cm of insulating material from the ends of each of the two lengths of insulated copper wire. A system to maintain the pH level of a sample within a defined range. The correction factor generally lies between 2-4% change in resistance for each degree temperature change. 3 months ago. They enter the code provided on the handout (or copy/paste the code if a digital version of the handout is made available). After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Encourage students to feel free to design experiments that use the Part 2 or Part 3 lab activity setup. Finally we add the LCD display. 3 - The activity also uses non-expendable items such as Arduino UNO microcontrollers, breadboards, LCD displays and computers; see the Materials List for details. Afterwards, you will build on your understanding of how the conductivity probe works to design and conduct an experiment of your own. The method to find the correction factor is by taking a sample of water and changing the temperature while measuring the resistance. Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering. 12), laptop or desktop computer with USB cable and Internet access, 2 x 20 cm lengths of 22 gauge single-strand insulated copper wire; available at hardware stores, 2 x 10 cm lengths of 32 gauge nichrome wire; such as from, plastic barrel from a disposable pen, such as a BIC pen, four plastic cups, for the four test solutions, half-size or larger breadboard, such as the reasonably priced boards at, assorted jumper wires, such as a pack of 30 7-inch wires (PRT-11026) at, 470 resistor, such as the resistor multipacks at, red LED, such as the basic red 5 mm LED (COM-09590) at, 2 x 9V battery connector, such as the heavy-duty 9V snap connectors at, 16 x 2 LCD display, such as the basic 16-character by 2-line display with black text on green background (LCD-00255 ROHS) at, 10K trimpot (aka trimming potentiometer, a small variable resistor), such as the trimpot 10K with knob (COM-09806) at, 10K resistor, such as the resistor multipacks at, 220 resistor, such as the resistor multipacks at, soldering iron(s), such as the reasonably priced solder at, lead-free solder, a few tubes to share among one class, such as solder available at, wax pencil or tape and marker, to label the cups, distilled water, expect 1 gallon to be enough for an entire class, paper towels, for drying the rinsed probes, additional supplies may be needed to enable students to use their conductivity probes to conduct end-of-activity experiments of their own designs, for example, solutions of common household chemicals, lemon juice, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, at varying concentrations and temperatures, How to use a breadboard to construct simple circuits, Be able to identify the LED, resistor, jumper wire and related electrical components used in the activity, Aqueous solutions, including how to make a simple solution, Basic lab safety for conducting experiments in a chemistry laboratory. You might find something else like this, but for us this was perfect. However, if the solution contains only water molecules or a solution of water and other covalent solutes, no charged particles exist to facilitate the flow of charge so the resistance across the probe will be very high. For information on how to change between protocols and assign addresses, refer to this LINK. Use electrical tape to cover the entire probe, with the exception of the 1 mm gap near the tip; see Figures 7 and 8). As students complete their breadboard circuits, require them to have the teacher check their circuits. The LED must have its long leg connected to the positive battery end. Next, twist one of the nichrome wires onto the exposed copper end of one of the insulated wires. For all proposed group experiments, make sure that the procedures include safety considerations and use reasonable (readily available and not dangerous) solutions. Once students have finished answering the questions, review their responses as a class before starting the lab activity, as described in the Assessment section. You know your correction factor is correct when the "Corrected resistance" does not change while the water cools down. This can be used to test if it is working. Do NOT correct student predictions at this point.). From the reading you already have now, try to calculate the resistance between the electrodes. c) Copy the code from pH_EC_led_indicator onto your IDE work panel. How to make a benchtop pH meter with an Arduino Uno and the Gravity analog pH sensor from Atlas Scientific. salinity arduino e) In your IDE, go to Tools -> Serial Monitor or press Ctrl+Shift+M on your keyboard. This requires groups to design additional experiments that utilize their conductivity sensors. From an engineering point-of-view, conductivity probes are frequently utilized in situations in which water quality monitoring is essential. We used the I2C display, which only has 4 pins. Now we will add the full code to work with the entire sensor. DIY, Wireless, Modular, Arduino, 3D Printed! Integrate a conductivity probe into a simple circuit. If you are always getting the same reading, then perhaps you should fine tune the resistor and/or the distance between the electrodes to improve your sensibility. Copyright 2015 Phillip Cook, Polytechnic Institute of NYU, Copyright 2015 Phillip Cook, Polytechnic Institute of NYU; image made with fritzing.org. Review their answers to gauge their depth of comprehension. For information on how to change between protocols and assign addresses, refer to this. For example, desalination facilities use conductivity measurements to ensure that water samples have been sufficiently purified. A HIGH pin will be the positive and a LOW pin will be the negative. In designing a desalination plant, engineers must be able to measure the amount of salt present in seawater and in the fresh water produced; a conductivity probe is a valuable instrument to identify the presence or absence of ionic compounds. One part switches around the polarity and the other takes a measurement when the 8-pin is HIGH and the 7-pin is LOW. qualitative: Relating to, measuring or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity.

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